軸承的安裝方法，因軸承結(jié)構(gòu)、配合等條件而異。一般而言，由于多為軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，所以內(nèi)圈需要過(guò)盈配合。圓柱孔軸承，多用壓力機(jī)壓入，或多用熱裝方法。錐孔的場(chǎng)合，直接安裝在錐度軸上，或用套筒安裝。

 

　　The bearing installation method is different from the bearing structure and matching conditions. Generally speaking, the inner ring needs interference fit because of multi axis rotation. Cylindrical bore bearings are usually pressed into or pressed by a press. The cone hole is directly mounted on the taper shaft or installed with sleeve.
 

　　安裝到外殼時(shí)，一般游隙配合多，外圈有過(guò)盈量，通常用壓力機(jī)壓入，或也有冷卻后安裝的冷縮配合方法。用干冰作冷卻劑，冷縮配合安裝的場(chǎng)合，空氣中的水分會(huì)凝結(jié)在軸承的表面。所以，需要適當(dāng)?shù)姆冷P措施。軸承的安裝一般需要借助軸承加熱器等專業(yè)的工具。

 

　　Installation to the shell, general clearance with more, the outer ring has interference, usually press in, or there are cooling installation after the cold shrinkage fit method. When dry ice is used as coolant and cold shrinkage matches installation, moisture in the air will condense on the surface of the bearing. Therefore, appropriate anti rust measures are needed. The installation of bearings usually requires specialized tools such as bearing heaters.

 

　　1、圓柱孔軸承的安裝（Installation of cylindrical bore bearings）

 

　?。?）用壓力機(jī)壓入的方法（press method with press.）

 

　　小型軸承廣泛使用壓力機(jī)壓入的方法。將墊塊墊入內(nèi)圈，用壓力機(jī)靜靜地壓至內(nèi)圈而緊密地接觸到軸擋肩為止。將外圈墊上墊塊安裝內(nèi)圈，是造成滾道上壓痕、壓傷的原因，所以要絕對(duì)禁止。

 

　　Small bearings are widely used to press in. The cushion is padded into the inner ring and pressed to the inner ring with the press, and closely contacts the shaft shoulder. Installation of the outer ring pad into the inner ring is the cause of indentation and bruising on the raceway, so it is absolutely prohibited.

 

　　操作時(shí)，最好事先在配合面上涂油。萬(wàn)不得已用用榔頭敲打安裝的場(chǎng)合，要在內(nèi)圈上墊上墊塊作業(yè)。這種做法屢屢成為軸承操作的原因，所以，只限于用過(guò)盈量小的情況，不能用于過(guò)盈量大，或中、大型軸承。

 

　　During operation, it is best to apply oil on the mating surface in advance. If it is necessary to use hammers for installation, it is necessary to pad the inner ring. This practice has repeatedly become the reason for bearing operation, so, only limited to small interference, can not be used for large interference, or medium and large bearings.

 

　　如深溝球軸承之類的非分離型軸承，內(nèi)圈、外圈都需要過(guò)盈量安裝的場(chǎng)合，用墊塊墊上，用螺桿或油壓、將內(nèi)圈和外圈同時(shí)壓入。調(diào)心球軸承外圈易傾斜，即使不是過(guò)盈配合，也最好墊上墊塊安裝。

 

　　For non-separated bearings such as deep groove ball bearings, where the inner ring and outer ring need to be fitted with interference, the pad is used, and the inner ring and outer ring are pressed simultaneously by screw or oil pressure. The outer ring of the aligning ball bearing is easy to tilt. Even if it is not interference fit, it is better to install the cushion block.

 

　　如圓柱滾子軸承、圓錐滾子軸承之類的分離型軸承，可以將內(nèi)圈、外圈分別安裝到軸和外殼上，將分別安裝好的內(nèi)圈和外圈相結(jié)合時(shí)，關(guān)鍵的是穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地將二者合攏，以便使二者中心不產(chǎn)生偏離，勉強(qiáng)壓入會(huì)造成滾道面卡傷。

 

　　Separate bearings such as cylindrical roller bearings and tapered roller bearings can be installed on the shaft and outer ring respectively. When the inner ring and outer ring are respectively installed together, the key is to firmly close the two so that the center of the two does not deviate, and reluctantly press in will cause raceway surface jam.

 

　?。?）熱裝的方法（hot charging method）

 

　　大型軸承，壓入時(shí)需要很大的力，所以很難壓入。因此，在油中將軸承加熱，使之膨脹，然后裝到軸上的熱裝方法廣為使用。使用這種方法，可以不給軸承增加不當(dāng)?shù)牧?，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成作業(yè)。

 

　　Large bearings require great force when pressed, so it is difficult to press in. Therefore, it is widely used to heat the bearing in oil and expand it, and then install it on the shaft. By using this method, the force of the bearing can not be increased, and the operation can be completed in a short time.

 

　　軸承的加熱溫度，以軸承尺寸、所需的過(guò)盈量為參考。熱裝作業(yè)有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)如下：

 

　　The heating temperature of the bearing is taken as reference for bearing size and required interference. The matters needing attention in hot charging operation are as follows:

 

　　(a)不將軸承加熱至120℃以上；

 

　　(a) do not heat the bearing to more than 120 C;

 

　　(b)為使軸承不直接接觸油槽底部，最好考慮將軸承放在金屬網(wǎng)臺(tái)上，或?qū)⑤S承吊起來(lái)；

 

　　(b) In order to keep the bearings from directly touching the bottom of the oil groove, it is preferable to consider placing the bearings on a metal mesh table or lifting the bearings;

 

　　(c)將軸承加熱到比所需溫度高20℃——30℃，以便操作中不至發(fā)生內(nèi)圈變冷，難于安裝；

 

　　(c) Heating the bearing to 20-30 degrees above the required temperature so that the inner ring does not become cold during operation and is difficult to install;

 

　　(d)安裝后，軸承冷卻下來(lái)，寬度方向也收縮，所以要用軸螺母，或其它適宜的方法，使之緊固，以防內(nèi)圈與軸承擋肩之間產(chǎn)生縫隙。

 

　　(d) After installation, the bearings cool down and shrink in width direction, so use shaft nuts or other suitable methods to tighten them to prevent cracks between the inner ring and the bearing shoulder.

 

　　2、錐孔軸承的安裝（Installation of tapered bore bearings）

 

　　錐孔軸承是直接將內(nèi)圈固定于錐形軸，或者用緊定套、拆卸套筒安裝到圓柱軸上。大型調(diào)心軸承多用油壓安裝。

 

　　Tapered bore bearings are used to fix the inner ring directly to the tapered shaft, or to install the inner ring to the cylindrical shaft with a clamping sleeve or a dismantling sleeve. Large aligning bearings are mostly installed with oil pressure.

 

　　3、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)檢查（Operation check）

 

　　軸承安裝結(jié)束后，為了檢查安裝是否正確，要進(jìn)行運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)檢查，小型機(jī)械可以用手旋轉(zhuǎn)確認(rèn)是否旋轉(zhuǎn)順利。檢查項(xiàng)目有因異物、傷疤、壓痕而造成的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不暢、因安裝不良，安裝座加工不良而產(chǎn)生的旋轉(zhuǎn)扭矩不均、由游隙過(guò)小、安裝誤差密封摩擦而引起的扭矩大等等。如無(wú)異常則可以開(kāi)始動(dòng)力運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

 

　　After the installation of the bearing, in order to check the installation is correct, to carry out the operation check, small machinery can use hand rotation to confirm whether the rotation is smooth. Inspection items are due to foreign bodies, scars, indentation caused by the operation is not smooth, due to poor installation, installation seat processing is not good and resulting in uneven rotating torque, by the clearance is too small, installation error sealing friction caused by torque, and so on. If there is no abnormality, it can start the power operation.

 

　　因大型機(jī)械不能手動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)，所以無(wú)負(fù)荷啟動(dòng)后立即關(guān)掉動(dòng)力，進(jìn)行慣性運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，檢查有無(wú)振動(dòng)、聲響、旋轉(zhuǎn)部件是否有接觸等等，確認(rèn)無(wú)異常后進(jìn)入動(dòng)力運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

 

　　Because large machinery can not rotate manually, so no load immediately after starting off power off, for inertial operation, check whether there is vibration, sound, rotating parts are in contact, etc., to confirm that there is no abnormality into power operation.

 

　　動(dòng)力運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，從無(wú)負(fù)荷低速開(kāi)始，慢慢地提高至所定條件額定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中檢查事項(xiàng)為，是否有異常聲響、軸承溫度的轉(zhuǎn)移、潤(rùn)滑劑的泄漏及變色等等。在試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)如果發(fā)現(xiàn)異常，應(yīng)立即中止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，檢查機(jī)械，有必要時(shí)要卸下軸承檢查。

 

　　Power operation starts at no load at low speed and slowly increases to rated operation. The checking items during the commissioning are: whether there is abnormal sound, transfer of bearing temperature, leakage of lubricant and discoloration, etc. If abnormal operation is found in the commissioning, the operation shall be stopped immediately, the machine shall be checked, and the bearings shall be unloaded for inspection if necessary.

 

　　軸承溫度檢查一般從外殼外表推測(cè)可知。但利用油孔，直接測(cè)量軸承外圈溫度，更加準(zhǔn)確。軸承溫度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)始漸漸上升，如無(wú)異常，通常1——2小時(shí)后穩(wěn)定。如果因軸承或安裝等不良，軸承溫度會(huì)急劇上升，出現(xiàn)異常高溫。其原因諸如潤(rùn)滑劑過(guò)多、軸承游隙過(guò)小、安裝不良、密封裝置摩擦過(guò)大等。高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的場(chǎng)合，軸承的潤(rùn)滑方法的選擇錯(cuò)誤等也是其原因。

 

　　The temperature check of bearing is usually deduced from the appearance of the shell. But it is more accurate to directly measure the temperature of bearing outer ring by using oil hole. The temperature of the bearing starts to increase gradually. If there is no abnormality, it usually stabilizes after 1 - 2 hours. If the bearing or installation is not good, the bearing temperature will rise sharply, and there will be an abnormal high temperature. The reasons are too many lubricants, too small bearing clearance, improper installation, and too much friction of the sealing device. High speed rotation, the wrong choice of bearing lubrication methods is also the reason.

 

 

　　Now let me introduce some common methods of bearing installation.

 

　　1、滾動(dòng)軸承的裝配（Assembly of rolling bearings）

 

　　(1)軸承裝配前，軸承位不得有任何的污質(zhì)存在。

 

　　(1) before bearing assembly, no contaminant exists in the bearing position.

 

　　(2)軸承裝配時(shí)應(yīng)在配合件表面涂一層潤(rùn)滑油，軸承無(wú)型號(hào)的一端應(yīng)朝里，即靠軸肩方向。

 

　　(2) When assembling bearings, a layer of lubricating oil should be coated on the surface of the fittings, and the end of the bearing without model should be inward, that is, the direction of the shaft shoulder.

 

　　(3)軸承裝配時(shí)應(yīng)使用專用壓具，嚴(yán)禁采用直接擊打的方法裝配，套裝軸承時(shí)加力的大小、方向、位置應(yīng)適當(dāng)，不應(yīng)使保護(hù)架或滾動(dòng)體受力，應(yīng)均勻?qū)ΨQ受力，保證端面與軸垂直。

 

　　(3) Bearings should be assembled with special pressure tools. Direct striking method is strictly prohibited. The magnitude, direction and position of the force applied to the bearing should be appropriate. Protector or roller should not be subjected to force, and symmetrical force should be uniformly applied to ensure that the end face is perpendicular to the shaft.

 

　　(4)軸承內(nèi)圈端面一般應(yīng)緊靠軸肩（軸卡），軸承外圈裝配后，其定位端軸承蓋與墊圈或外圈的接觸應(yīng)均勻。

 

　　(4) Bearing inner ring end face should be close to the shoulder (shaft clip), bearing outer ring assembly, its positioning end bearing cover and washer or outer ring contact should be uniform.

 

　　(5)滾動(dòng)軸承裝好后，相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)件的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)應(yīng)靈活、輕便，如果有卡滯現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)檢查分析問(wèn)題的原因并作相應(yīng)處理。

 

　　(5) After the rolling bearing is installed, the rotation of the relative moving parts should be flexible and portable. If there is stuck phenomenon, the cause of the problem should be checked and analyzed and the corresponding treatment should be made.

 

　　(6)軸承裝配過(guò)程中，若發(fā)現(xiàn)孔或軸配合過(guò)松時(shí)，應(yīng)檢查公差；過(guò)緊時(shí)不得強(qiáng)行野蠻裝配，都應(yīng)檢查分析問(wèn)題的原因并作相應(yīng)處理。

 

　　(6) In the process of bearing assembly, if the hole or shaft fit is found to be too loose, tolerances should be checked; when too tight, no brutal assembly should be forced, and the causes of the problems should be checked and analyzed and corresponding treatment should be made.

 

　　(7)單列圓錐滾子軸承、推力角接觸軸承、雙向推力球軸承在裝配時(shí)軸向間隙符合圖紙及工藝要求。

 

　　(7) The axial clearance of single row tapered roller bearings, thrust angular contact bearings and bi-directional thrust ball bearings conforms to the drawings and process requirements during assembly.

 

 

　　(9)普通軸承在正常工作時(shí)溫升不應(yīng)超過(guò)35℃，工作時(shí)的最高溫度不應(yīng)超過(guò)70℃。

 

　　(9) The temperature rise of ordinary bearings should not exceed 35 C during normal operation and the highest temperature should not exceed 70 C during operation.

 

　　2、直線軸承的裝配（Assembly of linear bearings）

 

　　(1)組裝前，軸承內(nèi)部應(yīng)涂抹潤(rùn)滑脂。

 

　　(1) grease should be applied to the bearing before assembling.

 

　　(2)軸承壓入支承座時(shí)，應(yīng)采用專用安裝工具壓靠外圈端面，不允許直接敲打軸承，以免變形。

 

　　(2) When the bearing is pressed into the support seat, a special installation tool shall be used to press against the end face of the outer ring, and direct knocking on the bearing shall not be allowed to avoid deformation.

 

　　(3)軸承與支承座的配合必須符合公差要求，過(guò)緊使導(dǎo)軌軸與軸承過(guò)盈配合，會(huì)損壞軸承；過(guò)松會(huì)使軸承無(wú)法在支承座中固定。

 

　　(3) The fit between the bearing and the supporting seat must meet the tolerance requirements. If the guide shaft and the bearing are too tight, the bearing will be damaged; if the bearing is too loose, the bearing can not be fixed in the supporting seat.

 

　　(4)導(dǎo)軌軸裝入軸承時(shí)，應(yīng)對(duì)準(zhǔn)中心輕輕插入，如歪斜地插入，會(huì)使?jié)L珠脫落，保持架變形。

 

　　(4) When the guide shaft is loaded into the bearing, it should be inserted gently into the quasi-center, if inserted askew, the ball will fall off and the cage will deform.

 

　　(5)軸承裝入支承座時(shí)，不允許轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，強(qiáng)行使其轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，會(huì)損壞軸承。

 

　　(5) bearing is not allowed to rotate when it is loaded into supporting seat, forcing it to rotate will damage the bearing.

 

　　(6)不允許用緊定螺絲直接緊定在軸承外圈上，否則會(huì)發(fā)生變形。

 

　　(6) it is not allowed to fasten directly on the outer ring of bearing with tight screws, otherwise it will be deformed.

 

　　3、直線導(dǎo)軌的裝配

 

　　3. Assembly of linear guides

 

　　(1)導(dǎo)軌安裝部位不得有污質(zhì)，安裝面平整度必須達(dá)到要求。

 

　　(1) there must be no dirt in the installation area of the guide rail, and the smoothness of the installation surface must meet the requirements.

 

　　(2)導(dǎo)軌側(cè)面有基準(zhǔn)邊時(shí)，應(yīng)緊貼基準(zhǔn)邊安裝，無(wú)基準(zhǔn)邊時(shí)，應(yīng)保證導(dǎo)軌的滑動(dòng)方向與設(shè)計(jì)要求一致，導(dǎo)軌固定螺絲擰緊后，應(yīng)檢查滑塊的滑動(dòng)方向是否有偏差，否則必須調(diào)整。

 

　　(2) When the side of the guide rail has a datum edge, it should be installed close to the datum edge, and when there is no datum edge, it should ensure that the sliding direction of the guide rail is consistent with the design requirements. After the fixing screw of the guide rail is tightened, it should check whether the sliding direction of the slide block is deviated, otherwise it must be adjusted.

 

　　(3)如果滑塊以傳動(dòng)帶帶動(dòng)，傳動(dòng)帶與滑塊固定張緊后，傳動(dòng)帶不得有斜拉的現(xiàn)象，否則必須調(diào)整帶輪，使傳動(dòng)帶的帶動(dòng)方向與導(dǎo)軌平行。

 

　　(3) If the slider is driven by the belt, the belt and the slider are fixed and tensioned, the belt must not be inclined to pull, otherwise the pulley must be adjusted to make the driving direction of the belt parallel to the guide rail.